This particular article publishes new AMS fourteen C times off 13 horses previously assigned to the fresh Migration period, additionally the osteometric investigation and you can ages of horses discovered in Lithuanian cemeteries of your 3rd–14th C Offer, more two hundred some body overall. The analysis abilities corrected the present chronology of one’s burials, as well as the osteometric investigation permitted a different sort of review away from if the horses from the Migration months really are exceptional in size when you look at the the fresh new perspective out of Lithuanian ponies on the 3rd so you’re able to 14th C Ad. The chatiw Promo kГіdy fresh new abundant research as well as allowed an assessment of your own development of the dimensions and you can age of the brand new horses during the Lithuania between your third and you can 14th C Post.
2.step 1. Zooarchaeological Investigation
Almost eight hundred horse skeletal remains utilized in Lithuanian burial web sites out-of the next–14th C Ad were assessed ( Profile step 1 ); however, on account of poor maintenance, only more than 200 individuals were suitable for further proportions and you can age data. This new burial websites was put into three chronological teams. All in all, 21 folks from six burial sites were tasked into the Later Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–7th C Offer); 13 ponies from this period had been individually AMS 14 C-old. They were individuals chose to the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analysis, the results from which try had written inside the a different sort of guide . To help you differentiate between horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you can mules, this new strategy revealed of the Johnstone is accompanied.
Area of sites mentioned in the text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
dos. Question and methods
Most of them, apart from 7 some body, had been based in the Marvele burial site when you look at the central Lithuania. Testing of archaeological framework and grave items lets so you’re able to grow relationships of some of one’s burials on 12th C Offer. Hence, brand new official avoid of the Viking months (1066) wasn’t considered, one another by calculate relationships ones burial internet sites and you may because of the historical and you may archaeological framework: no big break in the history from Lithuania until the place of state on the 13th C Post is seen.
Horses of about three burial websites dating back the 13–14th C Post was basically allotted to new gothic period. In this situation, a number of the burials could possibly date towards twelfth C Advertisement however they are hard to differentiate regarding the after of those. The new gothic pony class plus provided skeleton off ponies from a couple of castles and something town of the fresh new 13–14th C Ad: twenty-five metatarsals and you may metacarpals was basically chose from Kernave gothic city, 9 on Vilnius Straight down palace, and you can 8 away from Memelburg, this new castle of your own Teutonic Acquisition, present-day Klaipeda. You will find provided ponies in the settlement sites to render since the goal a picture of medieval ponies that you can, based besides towards folks from normal burial sites but including from contexts connected with the higher personal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) and the Order. As a whole, brand new remains out-of ninety-five everyone was tested on gothic period. In this look, skeletal stays of the many Lithuanian horses recognized to the new article authors regarding 3rd–14th C Advertising burial sites was basically checked out.
Certain pony skeletons was improperly maintained and you will the wrong to possess osteometric research, so the number of individuals ranged when it comes to study of their age and peak. The age of the fresh horses was projected because of the enamel emergence , wear of your own incisors, while the level of one’s premolars and you will molars . Mixing period of the epiphyses has also been employed for the age testing. Withers level try projected from much time bone dimensions using the fixed coefficients off Kiesewalter [34,35]. Ponies was in fact classified according to Brauner’s metacarpal and you can metatarsal slenderness directory category . Dimensions centered on von den Driesh have been made using an osteometric board and an electronic caliper with a reliability off 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons was sexed in accordance with the presence out of the dog white teeth when you look at the male horses more than 4–5 years old. not, oftentimes, intercourse of your own animal cannot be calculated due to missing bones. A lot of time limbs specifications, intercourse, and age each individual are given from inside the Tables S1–S4. To check on to have relevance, we used good t-attempt. Reviewed horses’ stays are stored in the fresh new Zooarchaeological Data source out-of Vilnius School, Faculty of history. Horse out-of Varliskes try stored in Kernave Art gallery, and you can pony skeletons away from Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you will Salakas are kept in National Museum from Lithuania.